Resources

Women in Music General Reading List

Compiled by Dr. Margaret Lucy Wilkins of Huddersfield University Department of Music


Dictionaries

ed. Cohen, A.I., International Encyclopodia of Women Composers, 2 vols, (Books & Music[USA] Inc.,New York, 1987)

eds. Sadie, A. & Samuel, R., The New Grove Dictionary of Women Composers, (Macmillan,London,1994)


Books: Historical

Baldauf-Berdes, J.L., Women Musicians of Venice: Musical Foundations, 1525-1855, (Clarenden Press, Oxford, 1996)

ed. Briscoe, J.M., Contemporary Anthology of Music by Women,” (Indiana University Press, USA, 1997). It also has an associated box of 3 CDs: “Contemporary Anthology of Music by Women” compiled by James Briscoe, (Indiana University Press, Bloomington & Indianapolis)

ed. Briscoe, J.M., Historical Anthology of Music by Women, (Indiana University Press,USA,1987)

eds. Bowers, J & Tick, J., Women making Music: The Western Art Tradition,1150-1950, (Macmillan Press, London,1986)

Fuller, S., The Pandora Guide to Women Composers: Britain and the United States, (Harper Collins, London,1994)

eds. Furman Schleifer, M. & Glickman, S., Women Composers:Music Through the Ages, vols.1-12 (G.K.Hall, New York, 1996).

Jezic, D.P., Women Composers: The Lost Tradition Found, 2nd. ed. (The Feminist Press, New York, 1994)

ed. Pendle, K., Women and Music: A History, (Indiana University Press, USA, 1991)


Books: Feminist

Citron, M., Gender and the Musical Canon, (Cambridge University Press, UK, 1993)

Cook, S.C. & Tsou, J. S., Cecilia Reclaimed: Feminist Perspectives on Gender and Music, (University of Illinois, Chicago, 1994)

Drinker, S., Women and Music, (1948,reprinted by The Feminist Press, New York, 1994)


Articles

Lefanu,N., Master Musician:an Impregnable Taboo?, eds. Duffy, Potter, K., Contact, No.31, (York,Autumn,1987), pp. 4-8

Wilkins, M.L.& Askew, C., The University of Huddersfield Dpt. of Music Project: Women Composers, 12th.-20th.Centuries, eds. Paynter,J.& Swanick,K., British Journal of Music Education, vol.10, (Cambridge University Press, UK, 1993), pp.181-187

eds. Nelson, P., Osborne, N., Fuller, S., Lefanu, N., Reclaiming the Muse, Contemporary Music Review, vol.11, (Harwood Academic Publishers, USA, UK, 1994)

eds. Nelson, P., Osborne, N., Pendle, K., American Women Composers, Contemporary Music Review, vol.16, parts 1 & 2, (Harwood Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1997)



More detailed reading and listening on historical and contemporary women composers.

Hildegard von Bingen: Selected Bibliography Articles
Barbara Jean Jeskalian, Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179), ed. Briscoe, J.M., Historical Anthology of Music by Women (Indiana University Press,USA,1987), pp 6-10 + cassette 1

J. Michele Edwards, Women in Music to ca. 1450, Pendle, K., Women and Music: A History, (Indiana University Press, USA,1991), Chapter 2.

ed. Cohen, A.I., International Encyclopodia of Women Composers, 2 vols. (Books & Music[USA) Inc.,New York,1987)

eds. Sadie, A. & Samuel, R.,The New Grove Dictionary of Women Composers, (Macmillan,London,1994)

ed. Sadie, S., The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, (Macmillan, London, 2001)

Marianne Richert Pfau, Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179), Biography, p.25
Five Responsories, Sequences and Hymns from the Symphonia, p.30
Audrey Ekharhl Davidson, The Ordo Virtutum, p.51
ed. Furman Schleifer, M. & Glickman, S., Women Composers:Music Through the Ages, vol.1 (G.K.Hall, New York, 1996) pp 25-60.


Scores

ed. Page, C: Abbess Hildegard of Bingen/Sequences and Hymns, (Antico Church Music,UK,1982)

ed. Marianne Richert Pfau,
Vos Flores Rosarum, p.38
O clarissima Mater, p.40
O lucidissima apostolorum turba, p.42
Cum vox sanguinis, p.44
O ecclesia. p.48

ed. Audrey Ekdahl Davidson, from Ordo Virtutum
Flos campi, p.58
Gaudete, O socii, p.58
Procession: In principio, p.59.
ed. Furman Schleifer, M. & Glickman, S., Women Composers:Music Through the Ages, vol.1 (G.K.Hall, New York, 1996).


Discography

“A Feather on the Breath of God”. Sequences and Hymns by Abbess Hildegard of Bingen, Gothic Voices, director, Christopher Page, (hyperion CDA 66039, UK, 1981)

Hildegard of Bingen, Laudes de sainte Ursule, Ensemble Organum, (harmonie mundi 901626, 1997)

Hildegard von Bingen, Canticles of Ecstacy, sequentia, (harmonie mundi 05472 77320 2, 1994)


Video

Hildegard, Channel 4 TV, (London,1994).

16th. and 17th. centuries Italian women composers

Bibliography.

ed. Bowers,J. & Tick,J:Women Making Music:the Western Tradition,1150-1950; USA,1985

ed. Briscoe,J: Historical Anthology of Music by Women; + cassette 90 USA,1987

ed. Pendle,K: Women and Music : A History ; chaps. 3 + 4 USA,1991

ed. Sadie,J.A. & Samuel,R: Grove Dictionary of Women Composers UK & USA,1994

Scores

Barbara Strozzi: Il Primo Libro de Madrigali

CD

Francesca Caccini: La Liberazione di Ruggiero

Women composers in the Baroque and Classical Eras

Bibliography

Susan Erickson, Elizabeth-Claude Jacquet de la Guerre (1666-1729) ed. Briscoe, J.M., Historical Anthology of Music by Women, (Indiana University Press,USA,1987) pp.57-76, + cassette 1.

Carol Henry Bates, Elizabeth-Claude Jacquet de la Guerre (c. 1665-1729), eds. Furman Schleifer, M. & Glickman, S.,Women Composers:Music Through the Ages, vol. 2, (G.K.Hall, New York,1996) pp 287-306.

Diane Upchurch Guthrie, The Cantatas of Elizabeth-Claude Jacquet de la Guerre (c.1665-1729), eds. Furman Schleifer, M. & Glickman, S., Women Composers:Music Through the Ages, vol. 2, (G.K.Hall, New York, 1996) pp 307-320.

Barbara Garvey Jackson, Musical Women of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, ed. Karin Pendle, Women and Music: A History, (Indiana University Press, USA, 1991), pp 86-88.

Scores Elizabeth-Claude Jacquet de la Guerre, Suite in D minor, Susan Erickson, Elizabeth-Claude Jacquet de la Guerre (1666-1729) ed. Briscoe, J.M., Historical Anthology of Music by Women, (Indiana University Press,USA,1987) pp.57-76 Elizabeth-Claude Jacquet de la Guerre, Suite in A minor for harpsichord, Carol Henry Bates, Elizabeth-Claude Jacquet de la Guerre (c. 1665-1729), eds. Furman Schleifer, M. & Glickman, S.,Women Composers:Music Through the Ages, vol. 2, (G.K.Hall, New York,1996) pp 287-306. Marianna Martinez, In Exitu Israel de Agypto, eds. Fortino, S., Misch, C. (Furore, Kassel, 1993) Marianna Martinez, Keyboard Sonata in A, ed. Briscoe, J.M., Historical Anthology of Music by Women, (Indiana University Press,USA,1987), pp 90-93. Discography Elizabeth-Claude Jacquet de la Guerre, Suite in D minor, Susan Erickson, Elizabeth-Claude Jacquet de la Guerre (1666-1729) ed. Briscoe, J.M., Historical Anthology of Music by Women, (Indiana University Press,USA,1987) pp.57-76 + cassette 1; Complete Harpsichord Works of Elisabeth Jacquet de la Guerre, Thurston Dart, harpsichord, L’Oiseau-Lyre OL 50183 (London, 1959)

Elizabeth-Claude Jacquet de la Guerre, Symphonie, Recitative and Aria from cantata, Semel. ed. Briscoe, J.M., Historical Anthology of Music by Women, (Indiana University Press,USA,1987) pp.57-76 + cassette 1; Women’s Orchestral Works, New England Women’s Symphony, Galaxia Women’s Enterprises, 1980.

Anna Bon di Venezia, Allegro from Sonata No. 6 in G minor for Flute and Cembalo, Christiane Meininger (flute) & Traud Kloft (cembalo), CD no. BR 100 057, (Koln, 1991)

Maria Martinez, Psalm Cantata, In Exitu Israel de Agypto, Klner Kurrende Choir, Clara Schumann Orchester, Elke Mascha Blankenburg, conductor, Koch International 3-1788-2, (Austria, 1995)

Maria Martinez, Keyboard Sonatas in E (1765) and A, 18th. Century Women Composers: Music for Solo Harpsichord, vol.1, Barbara Harbach, harpsichord, CD Gasparo GSCD-272, (USA, 1995)

Maria d’Auenbrugg, Rondo from Sonata in Eb, 18th. Century Women Composers: Music for Solo Harpsichord, vol.1, Barbara Harbach, harpsichord, CD Gasparo GSCD-272, (USA, 1995).

Maria Hester Park, Sonata in F Major, 18th. Century Women Composers: Music for Solo Harpsichord, vol.1, Barbara Harbach, harpsichord, CD Gasparo GSCD-272 (USA, 1995).

Maria Hester Park, Concerto in Eb, 18th. Century Solo Harpsichord Music by Women Composers, vol.2, Barbara Harbach, harpsichord, CD Gasparo GSCD-281, (USA, 1995).

The Influence of Social Attitudes on the Career Development of Women Musicians in Europe in the Nineteenth Century

Bibliography

Margaret Myers, Blowing Her Own Trumpet:European Ladies Orchestras & Other Women Musicians, 1870-1950 in Sweden, (Gtteborg,1993)

Arthur Schopenhauer, cited in Thoughts and fragments from Arthur Schopenhauer’s Philosophy, ed. G.A. Joderholm (Stockhom, 1904):

Nietzsche, “Of womenkind, old and young”, Thus Spake Zarathustra (n.d.), trans. A Tille,(Heron Books, n.d.)

Frantz Howitz, Contribution to a Health Document for Women, (1892)

Sir George Trevelyan, English Social history. A Survey of Six Centuries. Chaucer to Queen Victoria, (London, 1944)

F.H.Klencke, The virgin. Dietetics of the body and soul for the grown-up girl’s self-care and self-upbringing, (Germany,1869)

The Keyboard Music of Maria Szymanowska, Fanny Mendelssohn- Hensel and Clara Schumann

Bibliography

Harlay, Maria Anna, Maria Szymanowska (1789-1831), eds.Furman Schleifer,M. & Glickman,S.,WomenComposers:Music Through the Ages, vol.4 (G.K.Hall, New York, 1996) pp 396-420

Karlowicz, Sarah Hanks, Maria Szymanowska (1789-1831), eds.Furman Schleifer,M. & Glickman,S.,WomenComposers:Music Through the Ages, vol.5 (G.K.Hall, New York, 1996) pp 364-387

Reich, Nancy B., The Power of Class: Fanny Hensel, in Mendelssohn and his World, ed. Larry Todd (Princeton, 1990)

Tillard, Francoise, Fanny Mendelssohn (Portland OR, 1992)

ed. Litzmann, Barthold, Letters of Clara Schumann and Johannes Brahms, 1853-1896, vols. 1 & 2, (Vienna House, New York, 1973)

Reich, Nancy B., Clara Schumann (London, 1985)

Scores

Maria Szymanowska, 2 Nocturnes, Frauen Komponieren (Female Composers): 22 Piano Pieces, ed. Eva Riega and Kote Walter, (Schott, Mainz, 1985)

Fanny Hensel, Das Jahr (The Year), (modern edition:Furore, Kasel,1989)

Fanny Mendelssohn, String Quartet in Eb (1834), (modern edition:Furore, Kassel, 1989)

Fanny Mendelssohn-Hensel, Two Bagatelles for Piano, (Furore, Kassel, 1988)
Sonata in G minor, (Furore, Kassel, 1991)
Sonata in C minor, Sonata in E major, (Furore, Kassel, 1991)
Prelude for Piano, (Furore, Kassel, 1989)

Three Pieces for Four Hands, (Furore, Kassel, 1990)

Prelude for organ in F major, (Furore, Kassel, 1988)
Farewell from Rome, for organ, ed. Barbara Harbach, (Vivace, USA, 1997)
Organ Works, ed. Calvert Johnson, (Vivace, USA, 1996)

Clara Schumann, Variations on a Theme by Robert Schumann, op.20,(1853), Romantic Piano Music, vol. 1, (modern edition: Borenreiter, Basel, 1967)

Clara Schumann, Piano Trio in G minor, op. 17, (1846), (modern edition:Wollenweber, Mnchen, 1989).

Clara Schumann, Prelude & Fugue in B major for organ, op. 16, (modern edition:Furore, Kassel, 1991)

Discography Maria Szymanowska, Etude No.9 in C Major, and Le Murmure, Nocturne in Ab Major, “Concerto etudes and toccatas by 19th. and 20th. century women composers”, Christine Harnish, solo piano, CD AU 31473 (Germany, n.d.)

Fanny Mendelssohn, String Quartet in Eb (1834), Fanny Mendessohn Quartet, TRO-CD 01418 (Germany, 1997)

Fanny Mendelssohn, Piano Trio in D minor (1847), The Macalaster Trio, Vox Box 11 58452 (Holland, 1993)

Clara Schumann, Piano Concerto in A minor, op.7 (1836), The Women’s Philharmonic, Jo Ann Falletta, conductor; Angela Cheng, piano; Koch 3-7169-2H1 (New York, 1992)

Clara Schumann, Piano Trio in G minor, op. 17, (1846), The Macalaster Trio, Vox Box 11 58452 (Holland, 1993)

Clara Schumann, Konzertsatz in F minor (1847) Ambache Orchestra, dir.Diane Ambache, BBC Music vol.IV no.9 (London, 1996)

Video Clara Schumann, Piano Trio in G minor, op. 17, (1846), Small Voices, Big Noises, (Channel 4 TV, London, 1994)

19th. century reading

Primary sources

Memoirs

Lehmann, Liza, The Life of Liza Lehmann, by herself (London,1919)

Mahler Werfel, Alma, And the Bridge is Love (London,1959)

Valrie White, Maude, My Indian Summer: A Second Book of Memoirs (London,1932)

Secondary sources ed. Pendle, Karin, Women and Music: A History (Bloomington,1991), pp.97-172

ed. Bowers, Jane, and Tick, Judith, Women Making Music: The Western Art Tradition, 1150-1950 (Urbana, 1986), pp.224-348

Scott, Derek, ‘The Sexual Politics of Victorian Musical Aesthetics’, Journal of the Royal Musical Association 119/1 (1994), pp.91-114

Hyde, Derek, New Found Voices: Women in Nineteenth Century English Music, 2nd. edn. (Ash, 1991)

Langham Smith, Richard, ‘Sister of Perpetual Indulgence’, Musical Times 135 (December 1994), pp.740-744 [on Chaminade]

Tillard, Francoise, Fanny Mendelssohn (Portland OR, 1992)

Reich, Nancy B., Clara Schumann (London, 1985)

Reich, Nancy B., ‘Women as Musicians: A Question of Class’, in Musicology and Difference: Gender and Sexuality in Music Scholarship, ed. Ruth Solie (Berkeley, 1993), pp. 125-148

Reich, Nancy B., ‘The Power of Class: Fanny Hensel’, in Mendelssohn and his World, ed. Larry Todd (Princeton, 1990)

Kallberg, Jeffrey, ‘The Harmony of the Tea Table: Gender and Ideology in the Piano Nocturne’, in Chopin at the Boundaries: Sex, History and Musical Genre (Cambridge, 1996), pp.30-61

FitzLyon, April, The Price of Genius: A Life of Pauline Viardot (London, 1964)

FitzLyon, April, Maria Malibran: Diva of the Romantic Age (London, 1987)

Mackenzie-Grieve, Averil, Clara Novello,1818-1908 (London, 1955)

ed. Temperley, Nicolas, Music in Britain: The Romantic Age, 1800-1914, (Oxford, 1981), pp. 119-121

Citron, Marcia, J., Gender and the Musical Canon (Cambridge, 1993)

Dugaw, Dianne, Warrior Women and Popular Balladry, 1650-1850 (Chicago, 1989)

Clmont, Catherine, Opera, or the Undoing of Woman, trans. Betsy Wing (London, 1989)

ed. Blackmer, Corrine E. and Smith, Patricia Juliana, En Travesti: Women, Gender Subversion, Opera (New York, 1995)

Battersby, Christine, Gender and Genius: Towards a Feminist Aesthetic (London, 1989)

Dame Ethel Smyth: Bibliography.

Abromeit,K.A. “Ethel Smyth, The Wreckers and Sir Thomas Beecham”, in Musical Quarterly, lxxiii (1989), pp.196-211.

Bernstein,Jane,A. “Shout, Shout, Up With Your Song! Dame Ethel Smyth and the Changing Role of the British Woman Composer”, in Women Making Music. The Western Art Tradition,1150-1950, ed. Bowers,J. & Tick,J.(Urbana and Chicago,1986), pp.304-324.

Bernstein,Jane A. “Dame Ethel Smyth (1858-1944)”,in Historical Anthology of Music by Women, ed. Briscoe,J. (Bloomington,1987), pp.222-231.

Bernstein,Jane A. “Smyth, Dame Ethel (Mary)”, in The New Grove Dictionary of Women Composers, ed. Sadie,J.A. & Samuel,R.(London,1994), pp.429-433.

ed. Crichton, R. The Memoirs of Ethel Smyth (London, 1987)

Crichton,R. ‘Salvaging the “Wreckers”‘, in Opera,xlv (1994), pp.783-786.

Citron,M. “European Composers and Musicians,1880-1918”, in Women and Music:A History, ed. Pendle,K. (Bloomington,1991),chapter VI.

Fuller,Sophie, “Ethel Smyth”, in The Pandora Guide to Women Composers:Britain and the United States, 1629-Present, Fuller,S.(London/California,1994), pp.289-295.

Howes,F. The English Renaissance, (London,1966), pp.65-67.

Smyth, Ethel, Impressions that Remained: Memoirs, 2 vols. (London, 1919)

Beecham,Thomas, “Dame Ethel Smyth (1858-1944)”,in Musical Times xcix (l958), p.363.

White,E.W.The Rise of English Opera,(London,1951), pp.129-135.

White,E. A History of English Opera (London,1983),pp.354-364.

Wood,E. “Gender and Genre in Ethel Smyth’s Operas”,in The Musical Woman: an International Perspective,ii:1984-5, ed.Zaimont,J.L. et al. (Westport,1987), pp.493-507

Scores

Ethel Smyth, The Wreckers, Scene from Act 1 (Vienna,1904),in Historical Anthology of Music by Women, ed. Briscoe,J.(Bloomington,1987),pp.224-231.

Ethel Smyth, Chorale Preludes for organ, ed. Colette Ripley.

Recordings: Ethel Smyth
Mass in D
Mrs.Waters’Aria from ‘The Boatswain’s Mate’
March of the Women
The ‘Wreckers’ Overture
Quintet in E major
Cello Sonata

British Women Composers and Opera.

Scores

Thea Musgrave, Mary, Queen of Scots, monologue from Act 1, ed. Briscoe, J., HAMW, (Indiana, 1987) pp 369-374

Judith Weir, A Night at the Chinese Opera, vocal score, (Novello, London, 1987)

Discography

Thea Musgrave, Mary, Queen of Scots, monologue from Act 1, ed. Briscoe, J., HAMW, (Indiana, 1987) cassette 3

Nicola Lefanu,The Old Woman of Beare (1981), Lontano, conductor, Odaline de la Martinez, LNT 101 (London, 1992).

Nicola Lefanu, Preludio II (1976), Women Write Music:orchestral works by 20th.century women composers, Foundation Philharmonic Orchestra, conductor David Snell, Atma CD 22199 (London, 1999).

Judith Weir, The Consolations of Scholarship, Linda Hirst (m-s), Lontano, conuctor, Odaline de la Martinez, NVL CD 109 (London,1989)

Judith Weir, A Night at the Chinese Opera, Scottish Chamber Orchestra, conductor, Andrew Parratt, NMC D 060 (London, 2000)

Video

Judith Weir, Blonde Eckbert (1993), English National Opera, conductor Sin Edwards,Channel 4 TV, (London, 1994).

Articles

Thea Musgrave: Anthony Burton, “A Dramatist in a Seasonal Landscape”,The Musical Times, (Oxford, July 1994) pp.442-445

Thea Musgrave Publisher brochures from Novello and Chester

Nicola Lefanu Publisher brochures from Novello and Chester

Judith Weir Publisher brochures from Novello and Chester

eds. Nelson, P., Osborne, N., Fuller, S., Lefanu, N., Reclaiming the Muse, Contemporary Music Review, vol.11, (Harwood Academic Publishers, USA, UK, 1994)

The Symphonic Woman: America and Europe
Amy Beach Elisabeth Lutyens Elizabeth Maconchy
Thea Musgrave Nancy van de Vate Joan Tower
Ellen Taaffe Zwilich Diana Burrell Judith Weir
Sally Beamish Kaija Saariaho

Bibliography Block, Adrienne Fried, Amy Beach, Passionate Victorian: the life and work of an American Composer, 1867-1944, (OUP, New York, 1998)

Lutyens, Elisabeth, A Goldfish Bowl, (Cassell, London, 1972)

Harries, Meirion & Susie, A Pilgrim Soul:life and work of Elisabeth Lutyens, (Michael Joseph, London,1989)

Scores

Amy Beach, Symphony in E minor op. 32, ‘ Gaelic’, (1897), ed. Briscoe, J.M., Historical Anthology of Music by Women, (Indiana University Press,USA,1987) pp 166-203.

Thea Musgrave, Concerto for Clarinet & Orchestra (1968), (Chester, London,1969)

Thea Musgrave, Horn Concerto (1971), (Chester, London,1974)

Ellen Taaffe Zwilich, Symphony No.1 (1982), Movement I, ed. Briscoe, J.M., Historical Anthology of Music by Women, (Indiana University Press,USA,1987) pp 377-401.

Discography

Pandora’s Box 6: Chris Wines interviews Adrienne Fried Block in 5 BBC Radio 3 programmes, including performances of Amy Beach’s piano music, Kyrie Eleison, songs, string quartet and an excerpt from her opera, Cabildo.

Amy Beach, Symphony in E minor op. 32, Gaelic, (1897), Detroit Symphony Orchestra, conductor, Neeme Jorvi, Chandos CD 8958 (Colchester, 1991)

Elizabeth Maconchy, The Complete String Quartets, 3 vols., Hanson String Quartet, Unicorn-Kanchana DKP CD 9080 (London, 1989).

Elizabeth Maconchy, Nocturne (1950-51), Women Write Music: orchestral works by 20th.century women composers, Foundation Philharmonic Orchestra, conductor David Snell, Atma CD 22199 (London, 1999).

Thea Musgrave, Concerto for Clarinet & Orchestra (1968), V. Soames, clarinet, BBC SO, conductor, Thea Musgrave, CACD 1023 (London, 1996)

Thea Musgrave, Horn Concerto (1971), Barry Tuckwell, horn, Scottish National Orchestra, conductor, Alexander Gibson, Decca HEAD 8 (London, n.d.)

Thea Musgrave, Horn Concerto, NYOS, conductor, B. Tovey, NYOS 004 (Scotland, n.d.)

Ellen Taaffe Zwilich, Symphony No.1 (1982), Recorded Anthology of American Music, Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra, conductor, John Nelson, New World Records, NW 336-2 (New York, 1986)

Diana Burrell, Das meer, Northern Sinfonia of England, conductor, John Lubbock, ASV CD DCA 977 (London,1996)

Sally Beamish, Viola Concerto (1994), River, Swedish Chamber Orchestra, conductor Ola Rudner, BIS CD 971 (Sweden, 1999)

Kaija Saaiaho, Verblendungen (1982-84), Avanti Chamber Orchestra, conductor, Jukka-Pekka Saraste, Finlandia FACD 347 (Finland, 1989)

Articles

Creditor, Bruce, Ellen Taaffe Zwilich (born 1939), ed. Briscoe, J.M., Historical Anthology of Music by Women, (Indiana University Press,USA,1987) pp 375-401.

Neuls-Bates, Carol, Women’s Orchestras in the United States, 1925-45, eds. Bowers, J & Tick, J., Women making Music: The Western Art Tradition,1150-1950, (Macmillan Press, London,1986) pp 349-369.

Prado, Sharon, ‘New Wine into Old Bottles: Traditional Media and Contemporary Women Composers’, eds. Nelson, P., Osborne, N., Pendle, K., American Women Composers, Contemporary Music Review, vol.16, parts 1 & 2, (Harwood Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1997) pp 45-57.

Edwards, J. Michele, North America Since 1920, ed. Pendle, K., Women and Music: A History, (Indiana University Press, USA, 1991) pp 211-257.

eds. Nelson, P., Osborne, N., Fuller, S., Lefanu, N., Reclaiming the Muse, Contemporary Music Review, vol.11, (Harwood Academic Publishers, USA, UK, 1994).

Fuller, S., The Pandora Guide to Women Composers: Britain and the United States, (Harper Collins, London,1994)

Lauri Otonkoski, ‘The Grammar of Dreams’, Finnish Music Quarterly Towards the 21st. Century, 3/89, (Helsinki,1989) pp 2-7.

Women Composers in Former Communist Countries of Eastern Europe

Bibliography

Rosen, Judith, Grazyna Bacewicz: Her Life and Works, Polish Music History series 2, (Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 1984)

Thomas, Adrian, Grazyna Bacewicz:Chamber and Orchestral Music, Polish Music History series 2, (Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 1985)

Scores

Bacewicz, Humoreska, eds. Rieger, Eva & Heller, Barbara, Frauenkomponieren, (Female Composers), 13 pieces for violin and piano, (Schott, Mainz, 1994)

Thoms, Adrian, Grazyna Bacewicz (1909-1969), Piano Sonata II (1953), ed. Briscoe, J.M., Historical Anthology of Music by Women, (Indiana University Press,USA,1987) pp 298-318 + cassette No.2.

Sofia Gubaidulina, In Croce (1980) for cello and organ,(Sikorski, Hamburg, 1980).

Sofia Gubaidulina, Offertorium (1980), Concerto for violin and orchestra, (Sikorski, Hamburg, 1986).

Discography

Szymanowska, Etude No.9 in C Major, and Le Murmure, Nocturne in Ab Major, Bacewicz, Study No. 4 Concerto etudes and toccatas by 19th. and 20th. century women composers, Christine Harnish, solo piano, CD AU 31473 (Germany, n.d.)

Bacewicz, String Quartet No. 6 (1960), Melomania, Fanny Mendelssohn Quartet, Trouba Disc, TRO-CD 04 (Germany, 1992).

Galina Ustvol’skaya, Symphony No. 4, Prayer, (1985-87), Barton Workshop, Etcetera KTC 1170 (Amsterdam, 1993)

Sofia Gubaidulina, In Croce (1980), David Geringer, cello and Edgar Krapp, organ, Schwann CD 310 091 G1 (Austria,1991)

Sofia Gubaidulina, Offertorium (1980), Gidon Kremer, violin, Boston Symphony Orhestra, Charles Dutoit, conducter, DG 427336-2,(Germany, n.d.)

Sofia Gubaidulina, Pro et Contra (1989), National Orchestra of Wales, Tadaki Otaka, conductor, BIS CD-668 (Sweden, 1994)

Elena Firsova, Cassandra (1992), John Senter, cello, BBC National Orchestra of Wales, Tadaki Otaka, conductor, BIS CD-668 (Sweden, 1994).